Data model - description of data
This section provides information on modelling data.
The following examples show how data are displayed for each inscription:
Reference is made to EAGLE vocabularies (see also FAIR Epigraphic Vocabularies)
Edition
Bibliographic references to the editions (P24) are provided for each inscription.
For each edition, the bibliographic information (P34), including the author(s) of the edition (P44), and the reference to the URL/DOI (P33) are provided. The geographical area to which the edition refers is also indicated according to the properties mentioned below (see geographic provenance).
For each author (P44), the Wikidata item (P45) and the published editions (P46) are mentioned.
Each inscription is labeled according to the reference edition (Q78).
P7 edition URL links to the digital editions.
The reference edition (Q78) is indicated through the qualifier P26 role.
Other editions (concordances) are indicated both in the form of alias and associated with the P24 edition.
For each inscription, the Trismegistos identifier (Tm_id) (P43) is provided.
The item database (Q584) is used to refer to online databases that allow the collection of information about the editions, translations, and images of the inscriptions (e.g. LatinNow).
Corpora
Abbreviations according to SEG
Geographic provenance | corpora |
---|---|
Anatolian Peninsula | Western coast Mysia: Steinepigramme I 06-07, II 08; I.Ilion (IGSK 3), BSt (IGSK 7), I.Kyzikos (IGSK 18), I.Parion (IGSK 25), I.Alexandreia Troas (IGSK 53); I.Pergamon; I.Pergamon Asklepieion. |
Near East | Media: Steinepigramme III 12/04. Syria: Steinepigramme IV 20; IGLS. |
Egypt | I.Egypte métriques; I.Philae; I.Colosse Memnon |
North Africa (Cyrenaica, Creta, Africa Proconsularis, Muretania) | GVCyr2; I.Cret.; IRT2 |
Southeastern Europe (Greece, Aegean Islands, Ionian Islands, Macedonia, Epirus, Illyria, Thracia) |
Attica: IG II/III2; II/III3 4,1, 4,2, 4,3; Agora XVII; Agora XVIII; I.Eleusis |
Italia (Regiones I-XI), Roma, Sicilia, Sardinia, Corsica | IG XIV; IGUR; I.Aquileia; IG Campania; I.Mus. Catania; IG Napoli; IG Porto; IG Puglia; IG Ravenna; IG Reggio Calabria |
Western Europe (Hispania, Britannia, Gallia, Germania, Raetia, Noricum) | IG XIV; IG España Portugal; IG France; RIB |
Eastern Europe (Pannonia, Dalmatia, Dacia, Moesia, Cimmerian Bosporus) |
Moesia: I.Mésie Sup. I; IGBulg |
Other corpora and databases | Cougny 1890; Kaibel, Epigrammata; Peek, GVI; Hunter 2022; AE; BE; SEG; The Squeeze Collection - CSAD;
E-stampages; Venice Squeeze Project; Ubi Erat Lupa; Last Statues of Antiquity (LSA); LatinNow; Telamon ; EDR; EDF; EDH; EDB; CIL; Epigraphische Datenbank zum antiken Kleinasien; Claros Concordance of Greek Inscriptions |
Image
References to the images of the inscriptions are expressed by the following properties:
- P11 image URL provides the link to the image.
- P12 publication containing an image indicates the edition that contains the image and the reference to the page/table/inscription number through the qualifier P20 reference inside the edition.
- P17 publication containing a copy indicates the edition that contains the copy, the reference to the page/table/inscription number through the qualifier P20 reference inside the publication, and the author of the copy through the qualifier P21 author of the copy.
Type of inscription (P6)
- funerary inscriptions (Q10), tomb regulations (Q624)
- honorific inscriptions (Q60), agonistic inscriptions (Q625)
- Religious inscriptions (Q201): dedications (Q49), hymns (Q199), proskynemata (Q198), oracles (Q6), defixiones (Q251)
- exhortations (Q221), riddles (Q228), didascalic inscriptions (Q217)
- unable to determine (Q613)
See https://ontology.inscriptiones.org/type_of_inscription/#vocabularies
Geographic provenance
The data are organized according to the following related properties:
- provenance - macro-area (P5)
- provenance - macro-region (P27)
- provenance - region (P16)
- provenance - sub-region (P28)
- provenance - city (P4)
- provenance - place (P14)
. The geographical location is associated with its corresponding Pleiades ID (P42), Trismegistos Places ID (P47), ToposText ID (P48), Wikidata item (P45), and edition(s) (P24).
Property | Item |
---|---|
provenance - macro-area | Anatolian Peninsula |
provenance - macro-region | Northern coast |
provenance - region | Bithynia |
provenance - city | Nicaea |
Property | Item |
---|---|
provenance - macro-area | North Africa |
provenance - region | Egypt |
provenance - sub-region | Delta |
provenance - city | Alexandria |
provenance - place (P14) | Gabbari Necropolis |
Anatolian Peninsula
Western coast
Mysia
Lydia
Caria
Southern coast
Lycia
Pisidia
Pamphyilia
Cilicia
Northern coast
Bithynia
Paphlagonia
Pontus
Inland regions
Phrygia
Lycaonia
Galatia
Cappadocia
Near East
Armenia
Mesopotamia
Syria
Iudaea
Arabia
Cyprus
North Africa
Egypt
Cyrenaica
Creta
Africa Proconsularis
Mauretania
Southeastern Europe
Greece
Attica
Aegean Islands
Ionian Islands
Macedonia
Epirus
Thracia
Western and Central Europe
Italia
Germania
Raetia
Noricum
Gallia
Britannia
Hispania
Eastern Europe
Pannonia
Dalmatia
Dacia
Moesia
Cimmerian Bosporus
Dating
The period under consideration ranges from the late first century BC to the early fourth century AD. The span of centuries is bounded by the reforms of Augustus and the reforms of Diocletian and Constantine.
The following types of dating are distinguished:
- Inscriptions dated to a specific year or within a span of years less than a century.
- Inscriptions dated by centuries.
- Inscriptions dated to the Imperial Period (first-third century AD), contrasting with the Hellenistic Period (third-first century BC) and the Late Antique Period (fourth-seventh century AD).
- Inscriptions dated between the end of the Hellenistic Period (late first century BC) and the beginning of the Imperial Period (first century AD), or between the end of the Imperial Period (late third century AD) and the beginning of Late Antiquity (fourth century AD).
- Inscriptions with uncertain dating between the Hellenistic Period and the Imperial Period or between the Imperial Period and Late Antiquity.
- Inscriptions dated with generic terms like Kaiserzeit, Römische Zeit, aetatis imperialis, Imperial Age, époque imperiale, età imperiale, etc., without distinguishing between the Imperial Period and Late Antiquity.
- Undated inscriptions.
Based on these types of dating, inscriptions are divided into two groups:
- A : Inscriptions falling under types 1-4, dateable to the Imperial Age with a reasonable margin of certainty.
- B : Inscriptions falling under types 5-6, assignable to the Imperial era with a low margin of certainty.
- C: undated inscriptions (type 7)
P22 dating is expressed using the EDTF property
To enhance data querying capabilities, the dating information provided in the editions is converted into numerical values for the inscriptions falling under types 2-5. In these cases, a quotation from the edition containing the dating information accompanies the numerical value.
Criteria for assigning numerical values to centuries/periods:
centuries/periods | numerical values |
---|---|
1st century AD | 1-100 |
1st-3rd century AD | 1-300 |
early 2nd century AD | 101-115 |
first quarter of the 3rd century AD | 201-225 |
second quarter of the 2nd century AD | 125-150 |
first half of the 2nd century AD | 101-150 |
mid-1st century AD | 40-60 AD |
third quarter of the 1st century AD | 150-175 AD |
late 2nd century AD | 175-200 AD |
Object
The type of object is indicated through P10 object ; all objects are identified by the entity Q37 object.
The material is specified with the qualifier P30 material ; all materials are identified by the entity Q102 material.
The qualifier P32 state of preservation of the object indicates whether the objects is Q113 intact, Q280 broken - complete, Q284 broken - incomplete, Q116 lost.
Text - formal typologies (P52)
The following typologies are distinguished:
- single inscriptions (Q639): single metrical inscription on the object.
- multiple inscriptions - meter (Q640) : two or more metrical inscriptions on the same object.
- multiple inscriptions - meter/prose (Q642): one or more metrical inscriptions and one or more inscriptions in prose on the same object.
In cases where there are two or more metrical inscriptions, or both metrical and prose inscriptions, the order in which the texts appear in reference editions is followed, considering both the length of the text and the type of meter.
Language (P53)
The language of the inscriptions is indicated using P53 language, associated with the items Q644 Greek, Q645 Latin.
Length of the text
The length of the text (P19) is measured using the following units:
All units fall under the subclass Q31 measure of length of a text.
The qualifier P31 state of preservation of the text indicates whether the text is Q105 complete or Q107 incomplete.
The number of lost lines is indicated with the unit lost lines (Q257).
Meter
P8 meter provides information about the metrical structure of the text.
The qualifier P29 type of meter specifies the nature of the type of meter indicated by P8 meter, whether it consists of verses or rhythmic units.
- I. Verse (Q100)
- hexameters kata stichon (Q24)
- elegiac couplets (Q11)
- iambic meters kata stichon
- catalectic trochaic tetrameters (Q70)
- pentameters kata stichon (Q245)
- sotadeans (Q246)
- mixed meters
Layout (P15)
Layout-typologies:
- A.1 Layout typologies not based on metrical structure
- A.2 Layout typologies based on metrical structure
- A.2a 1 line = 1 verse (e.g. I.Egypte métriques 26)
- eisthesis of pentameters (e.g. I.Egypte métriques 68) / vacat at the central caesura (e.g. IG IV²,1 436 )
- A.2b Verses written as prose, with vacat and/or signs (e.g. single point, colon, hedera, diple), which indicate the end of the verse (e.g. IG XIV 2564)
- A.2c Verses arranged on multiple (two/three) lines
- A.2c.1 Verses arranged on two/three lines without eisthesis of the second/third line, with vacat and/or sign to indicate the end of the verse (e.g. IG IX 1², 4, 1498 )
- A.2c.2 Verses arranged on two/three lines with eisthesis of the second/third line and possibly vacat and/or sign to indicate the end of the verse (e.g. IGUR III 1163, I.Mus. Catania 24)
- A.2.c.3 Mixed layout-typologies A.2.c.1-A.2.c.2 (e.g. IG IX 1², 4, 1497)
- A.2c.1-3 cae. Verse division based on the caesuras (this subcategory includes inscriptions that exhibit verse division based on caesuras in at least 50% of the verses, e.g. I.Egypte métriques 49, Steinepigramme 06/02/20, Peek, GVI 588)
- A.2a 1 line = 1 verse (e.g. I.Egypte métriques 26)
- A.3 Mixed layout-typologies
Clients and recipients
The clients and the recipients (Q241) are indicated through P37 client and P38 recipient.
To describe the characteristics of clients and recipients, the following items are used to be linked to the related properties P37 and P38.
clients and recipients | ||
---|---|---|
gender (P 50) | men (Q16), women (Q258) | |
society (P51) |
family: family members, friends (Q259), spouses (Q331), siblings (Q281), children (boys (Q291)/girls (Q260)) | |
religion | faith: christian (Q403), jewish (Q404)
deitis (Q310): Anubis (Q631), Aphrodite, Apollo (Q308), Artemis, Asclepius, Attis, Cybele, Demeter (Q231), Dionysus, Elpis, Eros, Hecate, Helios, Hera, Hermes, Hosios, Meles (river), Moirai Mopsus, Nemesis, Nike, Phileis, Poseidon (Q242), Rome, Selene, Serapis (Q327), Underworld deities (Persephone, Pluto/Hades), Zeus (Q212) | |
other | mythological characters (Q261)
animals: dogs, horses, panthers, roosters, snakes |
For historical and mythological figures, and deities, P50 gender and P45 Wikidata item are specified.
Author
The authorship of the text is defined by Q118 anonym and Q240 signed.
When the text is signed, P49 author of the inscription is used to give information about the author. Each author is represented by an item, whose label is the author's transliterated name if it is in Greek. The name in Greek is also labeled. For the indication of the author's characteristics, such as their gender and, if known, their role in society, religion, and Wikidata item, the same items and properties used to describe the clients and recipients are applied.
The qualifier P36 signature - text is used to record the text of the signature.