Data model - description of data

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This section provides information on modelling data.
The following examples show how data are displayed for each inscription:

Reference is made to EAGLE vocabularies (see also FAIR Epigraphic Vocabularies)

Bibliographic references

Edition

Bibliographic references to the editions (P24) are provided for each inscription.
For each edition, the bibliographic information (P34), including the author(s) of the edition (P44), and the reference to the URL/DOI (P33) are provided. The geographical area to which the edition refers is also indicated according to the properties mentioned below (see geographic provenance).
For each author (P44), the Wikidata item (P45) and the published editions (P46) are mentioned.
Each inscription is labeled according to the reference edition (Q78).
P7 edition URL links to the digital editions.
The reference edition (Q78) is indicated through the qualifier P26 role.
Other editions (concordances) are indicated both in the form of alias and associated with the P24 edition.
P68 translation(s) is used to indicate the publication where the translation is published.
For each inscription, the Trismegistos identifier (Tm_id) (P43) is provided.
The item database (Q584) is used to refer to online databases that allow the collection of information about the editions, translations, and images of the inscriptions (e.g. LatinNow).


Geographic provenance corpora
Anatolian Peninsula Western coast

Mysia: Steinepigramme I 06-07, II 08; I.Ilion (IGSK 3), BSt (IGSK 7), I.Kyzikos (IGSK 18), I.Parion (IGSK 25), I.Alexandreia Troas (IGSK 53); I.Pergamon; I.Pergamon Asklepieion.
Lydia: Steinepigramme I 03-05; I.Erythrai Klazomenai (IGSK l-2), I.Smyrna (IGSK 23-24); TAM V,1, TAM V,2; I.Sardis I
Caria: Steinepigramme I 01-02; I.Didyma; I.Stratonikeia (IGSK 21-22), I.Tralleis (IGSK 36,1); MAMA VI; Milet VI.1; Robert, Carie; I.Knidos.
Southern coast
Lycia: Steinepigramme IV 17; I.Arykanda (IGSK 48); I.Kibyra (IGSK 60); TAM II; Bean, Northern Lycia.
Pisida: Steinepigramme III 16/61, IV 18/01-18/11; I.Selge (IGSK 37), I.Pisidia Central (IGSK 57); TAM III,1.
Pamphylia: Steinepigramme IV 18/12-18/20; I.Perge (IGSK 45, 61).
Cilicia: Steinepigramme IV 19; IGSK 56; I.Cilicie; MAMA III; Bean/Mitford, Rough Cilicia I, Bean - Mitford, Rough Cilicia II.
Northern coast
Bithynia: Steinepigramme II 09; BSt (IGSK 7), I.Iznik (IGSK 9-10 1/2), I.Kios (IGSK 29), I.Klaudiupolis (IGSK 31), I.Prusa (IGSK 39-40), I.Heraclea Pontica (IGSK 47); TAM IV,1; Marek - Adak, Forschungen.
Paphlagonia: Steinepigramme II 10; Marek, Pontus et Bithynia.
Pontus: Steinepigramme II 11; Studia Pontica III.
Inland regions
Phrygia, Lycaonia: Steinepigramme III 14, 16; I.Laodikeia am Lykos (IGSK 49); Strubbe, Arai Epitymbioi (IGSK 52); MAMA I, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X; I.Laodicée Lycos nymphée; Merisio 2024; Ramsay, Phrygia.
Galatia: Steinepigramme III 15; I.Ancyra; I.North Galatia.
Cappadocia: Steinepigramme III; I.Tyana (IGSK 55).
Other corpora: Staab, Gebrochener Glanz; Pfuhl/Möbius, Ostgr. Grabreliefs.

Near East Media: Steinepigramme III 12/04.

Syria: Steinepigramme IV 20; IGLS.
Iudaea: Steinepigramme IV 21; CIIP; Ancient Inscriptions from Israel / Palestine; I.Gerasa.
Arabia: Steinepigramme IV 22.
Cyprus: IG XV 2,1.

Egypt I.Egypte métriques; I.Philae; I.Colosse Memnon
North Africa (Cyrenaica, Creta, Africa Proconsularis, Muretania) GVCyr2; I.Cret.; IRT2
Southeastern Europe (Greece, Aegean Islands, Ionian Islands, Macedonia, Epirus, Illyria, Thracia)

Attica: IG II/III2; II/III3 4,1, 4,2, 4,3; Agora XVII; Agora XVIII; I.Eleusis
Peloponnese: IG IV; IG IV2 1; IG IV2 2; IG IV2 3; IG V 1; V 2; IG VII; Corinth VIII; I.Olympia; I.Olympia Suppl.; Rizakis, Achaïe
Boeotia: IG VII; IG VII 2; I.Thespies
Aetolia, Acarnania, Locris, Phocis: IG IX 12 1; IG IX 12 2; IG IX 12 3; IG IX 12 5
Ionian Islands: IG IX 12 4
Thessaly: IG IX 2; I.Atrax; Helly, Gonnoi; I.Vallée Enipeus;
Macedonia, Epirus, Illyria: IG X 2,1; IG X 2,1s; IG X,2,2 I.Ano Maked.; I.Amphaxitis; I.Apollonia Illyrie; I.Beroia; I.Epidamne
Thrace: IGBulg; I.Byzantion (IGSK 58); I.Perinthos; I.Thrake Aeg.
Aegean Islands: IG XII 1; IG XII 2; IG XII 3; IG XII 4; IG XII 5; IG XII 6; IG XII 7; IG XII 8; IG XII 9; IG XII Suppl.; I.Lindos; I.Rhénée

Italia (Regiones I-XI), Roma, Sicilia, Sardinia, Corsica IG XIV; IGUR; I.Aquileia; IG Campania; I.Mus. Catania; IG Napoli; IG Porto; IG Puglia; IG Ravenna; IG Reggio Calabria
Western Europe (Hispania, Britannia, Gallia, Germania, Raetia, Noricum) IG XIV; IG España Portugal; IG France; RIB
Eastern Europe (Pannonia, Dalmatia, Dacia, Moesia, Cimmerian Bosporus)

Moesia: I.Mésie Sup. I; IGBulg
Pannonia: IG Pannonia³
Scythia: I.Callatis; I.Histria; I.Tomis; I.Tomis Suppl.; IG X 3,3,1
Dacia: IG Dacia; I.Dacia Rom.; I.Chr. România
Cimmerian Bosporus: CIRB; IOSPE I2

Other corpora and databases Cougny 1890; Kaibel, Epigrammata; Peek, GVI; Hunter 2022; AE; BE; SEG; The Squeeze Collection - CSAD;

E-stampages; Venice Squeeze Project; Ubi Erat Lupa; Last Statues of Antiquity (LSA); LatinNow; Telamon ; EDR; EDF; EDH; EDB; CIL; Epigraphische Datenbank zum antiken Kleinasien; Claros Concordance of Greek Inscriptions

Publication

To reference other publications related to the inscription, but different from the edition, use property P54 publication and item Q682 publication.
For each publication, the bibliographic information (P34), including the author(s) of the publication (P44), and the reference to the URL/DOI (P33) are provided.

Bibliographic references - guidelines

Image

References to the images of the inscriptions are expressed by the following properties:

Type of inscription (P6)

See https://ontology.inscriptiones.org/type_of_inscription/#vocabularies

Geographic provenance

The data are organized according to the following related properties:

Each place constitutes an item; for each place, all other places in which it is included are specified (see e.g. Attica, Athens, Acropolis of Athens).
Each place is associated with its corresponding Pleiades ID (P42), Trismegistos Places ID (P47), ToposText ID (P48), Wikidata item (P45), and edition(s) (P24).

Property Item
provenance - macro-area Anatolian Peninsula
provenance - macro-region Northern coast
provenance - region Bithynia
provenance - city Nicaea
Property Item
provenance - macro-area North Africa
provenance - region Egypt
provenance - sub-region Delta
provenance - city Alexandria
provenance - place (P14) Gabbari Necropolis


Anatolian Peninsula

Western coast

Mysia
Lydia
Caria

Southern coast

Lycia
Pisidia
Pamphyilia
Cilicia

Northern coast

Bithynia
Paphlagonia
Pontus

Inland regions

Phrygia
Lycaonia
Galatia
Cappadocia

Near East

Armenia
Mesopotamia
Syria
Iudaea
Arabia
Cyprus

North Africa

Egypt

Cyrenaica

Creta
Africa Proconsularis
Mauretania

Southeastern Europe

Greece

Attica

Aegean Islands

Ionian Islands

Macedonia

Epirus

Thracia

Western and Central Europe

Italia

Germania

Raetia

Noricum

Gallia

Britannia

Hispania

Eastern Europe

Pannonia
Dalmatia
Dacia
Moesia
Cimmerian Bosporus

Dating

The period under consideration ranges from the late first century BC to the early fourth century AD. The span of centuries is bounded by the reforms of Augustus and the reforms of Diocletian and Constantine.

The following types of dating are distinguished:

  1. Inscriptions dated to a specific year or within a span of years less than a century.
  2. Inscriptions dated by centuries.
  3. Inscriptions dated to the Imperial Period (first-third century AD), contrasting with the Hellenistic Period (third-first century BC) and the Late Antique Period (fourth-seventh century AD).
  4. Inscriptions dated between the end of the Hellenistic Period (late first century BC) and the beginning of the Imperial Period (first century AD), or between the end of the Imperial Period (late third century AD) and the beginning of Late Antiquity (fourth century AD).
  5. Inscriptions with uncertain dating between the Hellenistic Period and the Imperial Period or between the Imperial Period and Late Antiquity.
  6. Inscriptions dated with generic terms like Kaiserzeit, Römische Zeit, aetatis imperialis, Imperial Age, époque imperiale, età imperiale, etc., without distinguishing between the Imperial Period and Late Antiquity.
  7. Undated inscriptions.

Based on these types of dating, inscriptions are divided into two groups:

  • A : Inscriptions falling under types 1-4, dateable to the Imperial Age with a reasonable margin of certainty.
  • B : Inscriptions falling under types 5-6, assignable to the Imperial era with a low margin of certainty.
  • C: undated inscriptions (type 7)

P22 dating is expressed using the EDTF property To enhance data querying capabilities, the dating information provided in the editions is converted into numerical values for the inscriptions falling under types 2-5. In these cases, a quotation from the edition containing the dating information accompanies the numerical value. The source of the proposed dating is indicated with P67 dating - source (publication)

Criteria for assigning numerical values to centuries/periods:

centuries/periods numerical values
1st century AD 1-100
1st-3rd century AD 1-300
early 2nd century AD 101-115
first quarter of the 3rd century AD 201-225
second quarter of the 2nd century AD 125-150
first half of the 2nd century AD 101-150
mid-1st century AD 40-60 AD
third quarter of the 1st century AD 150-175 AD
late 2nd century AD 175-200 AD

Object

The type of object is indicated through P10 object  ; all objects are identified by the entity Q37 object.
The material is specified with the qualifier P30 material ; all materials are identified by the entity Q102 material.
The qualifier P32 state of preservation of the object indicates whether the objects is Q113 intact, Q280 broken - complete, Q284 broken - incomplete, Q116 lost.
P69 last recorded location is used to indicate where the object is preserved, mentioning the source through P70 source - publication (used as a reference). Each location constitutes an item where the city (P4), website (P72), and Wikidata item (P45) are indicated.

Text - formal typologies (P52)

The following typologies are distinguished:

In cases where there are two or more metrical inscriptions, or both metrical and prose inscriptions, the order in which the texts appear in reference editions is followed, considering both the length of the text and the type of meter.

Language (P53)

The language of the inscriptions is indicated using P53 language, associated with the items Q644 Greek, Q645 Latin.


Length of the text

The length of the text (P19) is measured using the following units:

All units fall under the subclass Q31 measure of length of a text.
The qualifier P31 state of preservation of the text indicates whether the text is Q105 complete or Q107 incomplete.
The number of lost lines is indicated with the unit lost lines (Q257).

Meter

P8 meter provides information about the metrical structure of the text.
The qualifier P29 type of meter specifies the nature of the type of meter indicated by P8 meter, whether it consists of verses or rhythmic units.

Type of meter (P29):

Layout (P15)

Layout-typologies:

  1. A.1 Layout typologies not based on metrical structure
    A.1a The layout is not based on metrical structure and no attention is paid to word endings (e.g. GVCyr008)
    A.1b The layout is not based on metrical structure and attention is paid to word endings / certain parts of the text are highlighted (e.g. GVCyr051)
  2. A.2 Layout typologies based on metrical structure
    A.2a 1 line = 1 verse (e.g. I.Egypte métriques 26)
    eisthesis (pentameter) (Q828) (e.g. I.Egypte métriques 68)
    A.2b Verses written as prose, with vacat and/or signs (e.g. single point, colon, hedera, diple), which indicate the end of the verse (e.g. IG XIV 2564)
    A.2c Verses arranged on multiple (two/three) lines
    A.2c.1 Verses arranged on two/three lines without eisthesis of the second/third line, with vacat and/or sign to indicate the end of the verse (e.g. IG IX 1², 4, 1498 )
    A.2c.2 Verses arranged on two/three lines with eisthesis of the second/third line and possibly vacat and/or sign to indicate the end of the verse (e.g. IGUR III 1163, I.Mus. Catania 24)
    A.2.c.3 Mixed layout-typologies A.2.c.1-A.2.c.2 (e.g. IG IX 1², 4, 1497)
    A.2c.1-3 cae. Verse division based on the caesuras (this subcategory includes inscriptions that exhibit verse division based on caesuras in at least 50% of the verses, e.g. I.Egypte métriques 49, Steinepigramme 06/02/20, Peek, GVI 588)
  3. A.3 Mixed layout-typologies
    A.3a Mixed layout-typologies based on the metrical structure A.2a-c (e.g. IGUR III 1272)
    A.3b Mixed layout-typologies A.1-A.2c (e.g. I.Egypte métriques 15)

Clients and recipients

The clients and the recipients (Q241) are indicated through P37 client and P38 recipient.

Each client/recipient represents an item labeled with the name of the client/recipient (e.g. Appia Anna Regilla Q699); if the name is unknown, an 'anonymous' item is created (e.g. anonymous Q708).
When it is not possible to determine the clients and the recipients (Q313) undefinable is used.

The characteristics of each client and recipient are indicated based on the following aspects and using the following properties/items:

clients and recipients
gender (P50) men (Q16), women (Q258)
age (P57) children (boys (Q291)/girls (Q260)), young man/woman (Q794), adult - woman (Q807)/man (Q259), old man (Q801)/woman

If the age is specified in the inscription, use P58 age - year(s), with unit Q762 year(s).

family status To indicate family relationships, associate the following properties with the names of clients and recipients; if the name is unknown, use an anonymous item.

wife (P65), husband (P64), mother (P66), father (P59), daughter (P63), son (P60), brother (P61), sister (P62)

role in society (P51) members of the ruling class: praefectus Aegypti (Q619), strategos (Q647), tagos (Q648), bouleutes (Q667)

religious officials: priest (Q311), priestess (Q306), pylokleistes (Q785)
members of religious communities:
culture/art: artists (Q788), painters (Q285), actors, dancers, mimes, musicians (Q770), poets (Q268)/poetess (Q827), rhetors (Q269), architects, philosophers (Q270), mathematicians, intellectual (Q652)
sport/festivals: gladiators (Q287), athletes (Q759), wrestler (Q760)
professions: doctors (Q677), jurists, sailors, shipowners, barbers, artisans, farmers, breeders, hunters, fishermen, soldiers (Q266), merchants (Q666), weaver (Q725)
other: city community (Q263), prominent citizen (Q264), noble woman (Q655), noble man (Q706), students, slaves (Q262), cliens (Q732), patronus (Q733)

religion religion - faith (P55): christian (Q403), jewish (Q404)

deitis (Q310): Anubis (Q631), Aphrodite, Apollo (Q308), Artemis, Asclepius, Attis, Cybele, Demeter (Q231), Dionysus, Elpis, Eros, Hecate, Helios, Hera, Hermes, Hosios, Meles (river), Moirai Mopsus, Nemesis, Nike, Phileis, Poseidon (Q242), Rome, Selene, Serapis (Q327), Underworld deities (Persephone, Pluto/Hades), Zeus (Q212), Phthonos (Q850)

other mythological characters (Q261)

animals (P73 type of animal) : dogs, horses, panthers, roosters, snakes
P45 Wikidata item

Author

The authorship of the text is defined by Q118 anonymous and Q240 signed.
When the text is signed, P49 author of the inscription is used to give information about the author. Each author is represented by an item, whose label is the author's transliterated name if it is in Greek. The name in Greek is also labeled. For the indication of the author's characteristics, such as their gender and, if known, their role in society, religion, and Wikidata item, the same items and properties used to describe the clients and recipients are applied.
The qualifier P36 signature - text is used to record the text of the signature.

References

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