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Introduction

A rich production of epigraphic poetry written in Greek flourished in the territories of the Greco-Roman world during the Imperial age (late 1st century BC- early 4th century AD). A corpus of about two thousand Greek metrical inscriptions exhibits significant diversity in the geographical, socio-historical, archaeological contexts, and the literary aspects. Indeed, a wide range of poetic forms is written and enjoyed by authors, clients, and recipients from various socio-cultural backgrounds.

There is currently no repository that allows for easy collection of data on the inscriptions from the corpus. The inscriptions are indeed scattered across various editions, which are often incomplete due to the discovery of new inscriptions following publication. The aim of the database is to gather the Greek metrical inscriptions from the Imperial Age into a single collection, providing the following data: the geographic provenance, the edition(s), the dating, the type of inscription (/literary genre), the clients and recipients, the author (when known), the type of meter, the length of the text, the objects on which the inscription is written (with references to the images), the layout (in relation to the metrical structure), external links to the other epigraphy related websites. The database will enable the collection of the entire corpus of the Greek metrical inscriptions from the Imperial age. It will be possible to expand the corpus at any time, whether new inscriptions are discovered or new editions of already known inscriptions are published. By including external links, a network of digital resources will be created. In this way, it will be easier to have access to the production of Greek epigraphic poetry from the Imperial age, in its various literary forms, and diverse geographical, archaeological, and socio-historical contexts.

The project has been initiated by Pietro Ortimini (University of Pisa) and currently revolves around the data he has collected within the scope of his doctoral thesis on the literary forms and metrics of the Greek metrical inscriptions from the Imperial Age (late first century BC-early 4th century AD). As a future perspective, it would be desirable to expand the database to include the Greek metrical inscriptions from the Archaic and Classical Period, Hellenistic Period and Late Antiquity.
Persistent identifier of the database: https://arpi.unipi.it/handle/11568/1232688

All content published on the Wikibase 'Greek metrical inscriptions' is made available under the Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0 DEED).

The database is still a work in progress; any feedback is welcome.

Data model

This section provides information on modelling data.
The following examples show how data are displayed for each inscription:

• GVCyr 051
• I.Egypte métriques 26
• Peek, GVI 588

Reference is made to EAGLE vocabularies (see also FAIR Epigraphic Vocabularies)

Bibliographic references

Edition

Bibliographic references to the editions (P24) are provided for each inscription.
For each edition, the bibliographic information (P34), including the author(s) of the edition (P44), and the reference to the URL/DOI (P33) are provided. The geographical area to which the edition refers is also indicated according to the properties mentioned below (see geographic provenance).
For each author (P44), the Wikidata item (P45) and the published editions (P46) are mentioned.
Each inscription is labeled according to the reference edition (Q78).
P7 edition URL links to the digital editions.
The reference edition (Q78) is indicated through the qualifier P26 role.
Other editions (concordances) are indicated both in the form of alias and associated with the P24 edition.
P68 translation(s) is used to indicate the publication where the translation is published.
For each inscription, the Trismegistos identifier (Tm_id) (P43) is provided.
The item database (Q584) is used to refer to online databases that allow the collection of information about the editions, translations, and images of the inscriptions (e.g. LatinNow).

Geographic provenance	corpora
Anatolian Peninsula	Western coast Mysia: Steinepigramme I 06-07, II 08; I.Ilion (IGSK 3), BSt (IGSK 7), I.Kyzikos (IGSK 18), I.Parion (IGSK 25), I.Alexandreia Troas (IGSK 53); I.Pergamon; I.Pergamon Asklepieion. Lydia: Steinepigramme I 03-05; I.Erythrai Klazomenai (IGSK l-2), I.Smyrna (IGSK 23-24); TAM V,1, TAM V,2; I.Sardis I Caria: Steinepigramme I 01-02; I.Didyma; I.Stratonikeia (IGSK 21-22), I.Tralleis (IGSK 36,1); MAMA VI; Milet VI.1; Robert, Carie; I.Knidos. Southern coast Lycia: Steinepigramme IV 17; I.Arykanda (IGSK 48); I.Kibyra (IGSK 60); TAM II; Bean, Northern Lycia. Pisida: Steinepigramme III 16/61, IV 18/01-18/11; I.Selge (IGSK 37), I.Pisidia Central (IGSK 57); TAM III,1. Pamphylia: Steinepigramme IV 18/12-18/20; I.Perge (IGSK 45, 61). Cilicia: Steinepigramme IV 19; IGSK 56; I.Cilicie; MAMA III; Bean/Mitford, Rough Cilicia I, Bean - Mitford, Rough Cilicia II. Northern coast Bithynia: Steinepigramme II 09; BSt (IGSK 7), I.Iznik (IGSK 9-10 1/2), I.Kios (IGSK 29), I.Klaudiupolis (IGSK 31), I.Prusa (IGSK 39-40), I.Heraclea Pontica (IGSK 47); TAM IV,1; Marek - Adak, Forschungen. Paphlagonia: Steinepigramme II 10; Marek, Pontus et Bithynia. Pontus: Steinepigramme II 11; Studia Pontica III. Inland regions Phrygia, Lycaonia: Steinepigramme III 14, 16; I.Laodikeia am Lykos (IGSK 49); Strubbe, Arai Epitymbioi (IGSK 52); MAMA I, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X; I.Laodicée Lycos nymphée; Merisio 2024; Ramsay, Phrygia. Galatia: Steinepigramme III 15; I.Ancyra; I.North Galatia. Cappadocia: Steinepigramme III; I.Tyana (IGSK 55). Other corpora: Staab, Gebrochener Glanz; Pfuhl/Möbius, Ostgr. Grabreliefs.
Near East	Media: Steinepigramme III 12/04. Syria: Steinepigramme IV 20; IGLS. Iudaea: Steinepigramme IV 21; CIIP; Ancient Inscriptions from Israel / Palestine; I.Gerasa. Arabia: Steinepigramme IV 22. Cyprus: IG XV 2,1.
Egypt	I.Egypte métriques; I.Philae; I.Colosse Memnon
North Africa (Cyrenaica, Creta, Africa Proconsularis, Muretania)	GVCyr2; I.Cret.; IRT2
Southeastern Europe (Greece, Aegean Islands, Ionian Islands, Macedonia, Epirus, Illyria, Thracia)	Attica: IG II/III2; II/III3 4,1, 4,2, 4,3; Agora XVII; Agora XVIII; I.Eleusis Peloponnese: IG IV; IG IV2 1; IG IV2 2; IG IV2 3; IG V 1; V 2; IG VII; Corinth VIII; I.Olympia; I.Olympia Suppl.; Rizakis, Achaïe Boeotia: IG VII; IG VII 2; I.Thespies Aetolia, Acarnania, Locris, Phocis: IG IX 12 1; IG IX 12 2; IG IX 12 3; IG IX 12 5 Ionian Islands: IG IX 12 4 Thessaly: IG IX 2; I.Atrax; Helly, Gonnoi; I.Vallée Enipeus; Macedonia, Epirus, Illyria: IG X 2,1; IG X 2,1s; IG X,2,2 I.Ano Maked.; I.Amphaxitis; I.Apollonia Illyrie; I.Beroia; I.Epidamne Thrace: IGBulg; I.Byzantion (IGSK 58); I.Perinthos; I.Thrake Aeg. Aegean Islands: IG XII 1; IG XII 2; IG XII 3; IG XII 4; IG XII 5; IG XII 6; IG XII 7; IG XII 8; IG XII 9; IG XII Suppl.; I.Lindos; I.Rhénée
Italia (Regiones I-XI), Roma, Sicilia, Sardinia, Corsica	IG XIV; IGUR; I.Aquileia; IG Campania; I.Mus. Catania; IG Napoli; IG Porto; IG Puglia; IG Ravenna; IG Reggio Calabria
Western Europe (Hispania, Britannia, Gallia, Germania, Raetia, Noricum)	IG XIV; IG España Portugal; IG France; RIB
Eastern Europe (Pannonia, Dalmatia, Dacia, Moesia, Cimmerian Bosporus)	Moesia: I.Mésie Sup. I; IGBulg Pannonia: IG Pannonia³ Scythia: I.Callatis; I.Histria; I.Tomis; I.Tomis Suppl.; IG X 3,3,1 Dacia: IG Dacia; I.Dacia Rom.; I.Chr. România Cimmerian Bosporus: CIRB; IOSPE I2
Other corpora and databases	Cougny 1890; Kaibel, Epigrammata; Peek, GVI; Hunter 2022; AE; BE; SEG; The Squeeze Collection - CSAD; E-stampages; Venice Squeeze Project; Ubi Erat Lupa; Last Statues of Antiquity (LSA); LatinNow; Telamon ; EDR; EDF; EDH; EDB; CIL; Epigraphische Datenbank zum antiken Kleinasien; Claros Concordance of Greek Inscriptions

Publication

To reference other publications related to the inscription, but different from the edition, use property P54 publication and item Q682 publication.
For each publication, the bibliographic information (P34), including the author(s) of the publication (P44), and the reference to the URL/DOI (P33) are provided.

Image

References to the images of the inscriptions are expressed by the following properties:

• P11 image URL provides the link to the image.
• P12 image - publication indicates the publication that contains the image and the reference to the page/table/inscription number through the qualifier P20 reference inside the publication.
• P17 copy - publication indicates the publication that contains the copy, the reference to the page/table/inscription number through the qualifier P20 reference inside the publication, and the author of the copy through the qualifier P21 author of the copy.

Type of inscription (P6)

• funerary inscriptions (Q10), tomb regulations (Q624)
• honorific inscriptions (Q60), agonistic inscriptions (Q625)
• religious inscriptions (Q201): dedications (Q49), hymns (Q199), proskynemata (Q198), oracles (Q6), defixiones (Q251)
• others: exhortations (Q221), 'descriptive' inscriptions (label, identification, description, ekphrasis) (Q217)
• unable to determine (Q613)

See https://ontology.inscriptiones.org/type_of_inscription/#vocabularies

Geographic provenance

The data are organized according to the following related properties:

• provenance - macro-area (P5)
• provenance - macro-region (P27)
• provenance - region (P16)
• provenance - sub-region (P28)
• provenance - city (P4)
• provenance - place (P14)

Each place constitutes an item; for each place, all other places in which it is included are specified (see e.g. Attica, Athens, Acropolis of Athens).
Each place is associated with its corresponding Pleiades ID (P42), Trismegistos Places ID (P47), ToposText ID (P48), Wikidata item (P45), and edition(s) (P24).

Property	Item
provenance - macro-area	Anatolian Peninsula
provenance - macro-region	Northern coast
provenance - region	Bithynia
provenance - city	Nicaea

Property	Item
provenance - macro-area	North Africa
provenance - region	Egypt
provenance - sub-region	Delta
provenance - city	Alexandria
provenance - place (P14)	Gabbari Necropolis

North Africa

Egypt

• Lower Egypt - Delta
  • Alexandria
  • Leontopolis
• Middle Egypt
• Upper Egypt

Cyrenaica

• Cyrene
• Ptolemais
• Taucheira
• Martuba

Dating

The period under consideration ranges from the late first century BC to the early fourth century AD. The span of centuries is bounded by the reforms of Augustus and the reforms of Diocletian and Constantine.

The following types of dating are distinguished:

1. Inscriptions dated to a specific year or within a span of years less than a century.
2. Inscriptions dated by centuries.
3. Inscriptions dated to the Imperial Period (first-third century AD), contrasting with the Hellenistic Period (third-first century BC) and the Late Antique Period (fourth-seventh century AD).
4. Inscriptions dated between the end of the Hellenistic Period (late first century BC) and the beginning of the Imperial Period (first century AD), or between the end of the Imperial Period (late third century AD) and the beginning of Late Antiquity (fourth century AD).
5. Inscriptions with uncertain dating between the Hellenistic Period and the Imperial Period or between the Imperial Period and Late Antiquity.
6. Inscriptions dated with generic terms like Kaiserzeit, Römische Zeit, aetatis imperialis, Imperial Age, époque imperiale, età imperiale, etc., without distinguishing between the Imperial Period and Late Antiquity.
7. Undated inscriptions.

Based on these types of dating, inscriptions are divided into two groups:

• A : Inscriptions falling under types 1-4, dateable to the Imperial Age with a reasonable margin of certainty.
• B : Inscriptions falling under types 5-6, assignable to the Imperial era with a low margin of certainty.
• C: undated inscriptions (type 7)

P22 dating is expressed using the EDTF property To enhance data querying capabilities, the dating information provided in the editions is converted into numerical values for the inscriptions falling under types 2-5. In these cases, a quotation from the edition containing the dating information accompanies the numerical value. The source of the proposed dating is indicated with P67 dating - source (publication)

Criteria for assigning numerical values to centuries/periods:

centuries/periods	numerical values
1st century AD	1-100
1st-3rd century AD	1-300
early 2nd century AD	101-115
first quarter of the 3rd century AD	201-225
second quarter of the 2nd century AD	125-150
first half of the 2nd century AD	101-150
mid-1st century AD	40-60 AD
third quarter of the 1st century AD	150-175 AD
late 2nd century AD	175-200 AD

Object

The type of object is indicated through P10 object  ; all objects are identified by the entity Q37 object.
The material is specified with the qualifier P30 material ; all materials are identified by the entity Q102 material.
The qualifier P32 state of preservation of the object indicates whether the objects is Q113 intact, Q280 broken - complete, Q284 broken - incomplete, Q116 lost.
P69 last recorded location is used to indicate where the object is preserved, mentioning the source through P70 source - publication (used as a reference). Each location constitutes an item where the city (P4), website (P72), and Wikidata item (P45) are indicated.

Text - formal typologies (P52)

The following typologies are distinguished:

• single inscriptions (Q639): single metrical inscription on the object.
  
• multiple inscriptions - meter (Q640) : two or more metrical inscriptions on the same object.
  
• multiple inscriptions - meter (1)/prose (1+) (Q642): one metrical inscriptions and one or more inscriptions in prose on the same object.
  
• multiple inscription - meter (1+)/prose (1+): one or more metrical inscriptions and one or more inscriptions in prose on the same object.
  

In cases where there are two or more metrical inscriptions, or both metrical and prose inscriptions, the order in which the texts appear in reference editions is followed, considering both the length of the text and the type of meter.

Language (P53)

The language of the inscriptions is indicated using P53 language, associated with the items Q644 Greek, Q645 Latin.

Length of the text

The length of the text (P19) is measured using the following units:

• lines (Q99)
• verses (Q12)
• lines in prose (Q26)
• rhythmic lines (Q98)
• rhythmic lines and verses (Q254)

All units fall under the subclass Q31 measure of length of a text.
The qualifier P31 state of preservation of the text indicates whether the text is Q105 complete or Q107 incomplete.
The number of lost lines is indicated with the unit lost lines (Q257).

Meter

P8 meter provides information about the metrical structure of the text.
The qualifier P29 type of meter specifies the nature of the type of meter indicated by P8 meter, whether it consists of verses or rhythmic units.

Type of meter (P29):

• I. Verse (Q100)
  • hexameters kata stichon (Q24)
  • elegiac couplets (Q11)
  • iambic meters kata stichon
    • iambic trimeters (Q17)
    • choliambics (Q243)
    • iambic trimeters/choliambics (Q244)
  • catalectic trochaic tetrameters (Q70)
  • pentameters kata stichon (Q245)
  • sotadeans (Q246)
  • mixed meters
    • hexameters + pentameters (≠ elegiac couplets) (Q247)
    • hexameters + iambic meters (Q248)
    • hexameters + pentameters + iambic meters (Q249)
    • hexameters + trochaic tetrameters (Q250)

• II. Rhythmic unit (Q101)
  • dactylic cola (Q5)
  • dactylic rhythm (Q252)
  • iambic rhythm (Q253)

Layout (P15)

Layout-typologies:

1. A.1 Layout typologies not based on metrical structure

   A.1a The layout is not based on metrical structure and no attention is paid to word endings (e.g. GVCyr008)

   A.1b The layout is not based on metrical structure and attention is paid to word endings / certain parts of the text are highlighted (e.g. GVCyr051)

2. A.2 Layout typologies based on metrical structure

   A.2a 1 line = 1 verse (e.g. I.Egypte métriques 26)

   eisthesis (pentameter) (Q828) (e.g. I.Egypte métriques 68)

   A.2b Verses written as prose, with vacat and/or signs (e.g. single point, colon, hedera, diple), which indicate the end of the verse (e.g. IG XIV 2564)

   A.2c Verses arranged on multiple (two/three) lines

   A.2c.1 Verses arranged on two/three lines without eisthesis of the second/third line, with vacat and/or sign to indicate the end of the verse (e.g. IG IX 1², 4, 1498 )

   A.2c.2 Verses arranged on two/three lines with eisthesis of the second/third line and possibly vacat and/or sign to indicate the end of the verse (e.g. IGUR III 1163, I.Mus. Catania 24)

   A.2.c.3 Mixed layout-typologies A.2.c.1-A.2.c.2 (e.g. IG IX 1², 4, 1497)

   A.2c.1-3 cae. Verse division based on the caesuras (this subcategory includes inscriptions that exhibit verse division based on caesuras in at least 50% of the verses, e.g. I.Egypte métriques 49, Steinepigramme 06/02/20, Peek, GVI 588)

3. A.3 Mixed layout-typologies

   A.3a Mixed layout-typologies based on the metrical structure A.2a-c (e.g. IGUR III 1272)

   A.3b Mixed layout-typologies A.1-A.2c (e.g. I.Egypte métriques 15)

Clients and recipients

The clients and the recipients (Q241) are indicated through P37 client and P38 recipient.

Each client/recipient represents an item labeled with the name of the client/recipient (e.g. Appia Anna Regilla Q699); if the name is unknown, an 'anonymous' item is created (e.g. anonymous Q708).
When it is not possible to determine the clients and the recipients (Q313) undefinable is used.

The characteristics of each client and recipient are indicated based on the following aspects and using the following properties/items:

	clients and recipients
gender (P50)	men (Q16), women (Q258)
age (P57)	children (boys (Q291)/girls (Q260)), young man/woman (Q794), adult - woman (Q807)/man (Q259), old man (Q801)/woman If the age is specified in the inscription, use P58 age - year(s), with unit Q762 year(s).
family status	To indicate family relationships, associate the following properties with the names of clients and recipients; if the name is unknown, use an anonymous item. wife (P65), husband (P64), mother (P66), father (P59), daughter (P63), son (P60), brother (P61), sister (P62)
role in society (P51)	members of the ruling class: praefectus Aegypti (Q619), strategos (Q647), tagos (Q648), bouleutes (Q667) religious officials: priest (Q311), priestess (Q306), pylokleistes (Q785) members of religious communities: culture/art: artists (Q788), painters (Q285), actors, dancers, mimes, musicians (Q770), poets (Q268)/poetess (Q827), rhetors (Q269), architects, philosophers (Q270), mathematicians, intellectual (Q652) sport/festivals: gladiators (Q287), athletes (Q759), wrestler (Q760) professions: doctors (Q677), jurists, sailors, shipowners, barbers, artisans, farmers, breeders, hunters, fishermen, soldiers (Q266), merchants (Q666), weaver (Q725) other: city community (Q263), prominent citizen (Q264), noble woman (Q655), noble man (Q706), students, slaves (Q262), cliens (Q732), patronus (Q733)
religion	religion - faith (P55): christian (Q403), jewish (Q404) deitis (Q310): Anubis (Q631), Aphrodite, Apollo (Q308), Artemis, Asclepius, Attis, Cybele, Demeter (Q231), Dionysus, Elpis, Eros, Hecate, Helios, Hera, Hermes, Hosios, Meles (river), Moirai Mopsus, Nemesis, Nike, Phileis, Poseidon (Q242), Rome, Selene, Serapis (Q327), Underworld deities (Persephone, Pluto/Hades), Zeus (Q212)
other	mythological characters (Q261) animals (P73 type of animal) : dogs, horses, panthers, roosters, snakes P45 Wikidata item

Author

The authorship of the text is defined by Q118 anonymous and Q240 signed.
When the text is signed, P49 author of the inscription is used to give information about the author. Each author is represented by an item, whose label is the author's transliterated name if it is in Greek. The name in Greek is also labeled. For the indication of the author's characteristics, such as their gender and, if known, their role in society, religion, and Wikidata item, the same items and properties used to describe the clients and recipients are applied.
The qualifier P36 signature - text is used to record the text of the signature.

Query - access to data

Introduction

The data can be obtained through the Query Service. Thematic queries have been created for those who are not familiar with SPARQL query service. To start the query and obtain the data, use the function at the bottom left execute query (CTRL + ENTER). The data obtained from the Query can be downloaded in JSON, TSV, CSV, HTML, SVG using the function Download.

• Wikibase RDF mapping diagram
• Rdf mapping-vector - statement-centered (partial)
• Wikidata - Full list of prefixes
• Full list of prefixes of the greek-metrical-inscriptions wikibase:

 PREFIX bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#>
 PREFIX cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#>
 PREFIX dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>
 PREFIX geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#>
 PREFIX hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#> 
 PREFIX ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#>
 PREFIX owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>
 PREFIX prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#>
 PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
 PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
 PREFIX schema: <http://schema.org/>
 PREFIX skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>
 PREFIX wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#>
 PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>

 PREFIX gp: <https://greek-metrical-inscriptions.wikibase.cloud/prop/>
 PREFIX gpq: <https://greek-metrical-inscriptions.wikibase.cloud/prop/qualifier/>
 PREFIX gpqn: <https://greek-metrical-inscriptions.wikibase.cloud/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/>
 PREFIX gpqv: <https://greek-metrical-inscriptions.wikibase.cloud/prop/qualifier/value/>
 PREFIX gpr: <https://greek-metrical-inscriptions.wikibase.cloud/prop/reference/>
 PREFIX gprn: <https://greek-metrical-inscriptions.wikibase.cloud/prop/reference/value-normalized/>
 PREFIX gprv: <https://greek-metrical-inscriptions.wikibase.cloud/prop/reference/value/>
 PREFIX gpsv: <https://greek-metrical-inscriptions.wikibase.cloud/prop/statement/value/>
 PREFIX gps: <https://greek-metrical-inscriptions.wikibase.cloud/prop/statement/>
 PREFIX gpsn: <https://greek-metrical-inscriptions.wikibase.cloud/prop/statement/value-normalized/>
 PREFIX gd: <https://greek-metrical-inscriptions.wikibase.cloud/entity/>
 PREFIX gdno: <https://greek-metrical-inscriptions.wikibase.cloud/prop/novalue/>
 PREFIX gdref: <https://greek-metrical-inscriptions.wikibase.cloud/reference/>
 PREFIX gds: <https://greek-metrical-inscriptions.wikibase.cloud/entity/statement/>
 PREFIX gdt: <https://greek-metrical-inscriptions.wikibase.cloud/prop/direct/>
 PREFIX gdtn: <https://greek-metrical-inscriptions.wikibase.cloud/prop/direct-normalized/>
 PREFIX gdv: <https://greek-metrical-inscriptions.wikibase.cloud/value/>

• cf. https://hypotheseis.wikibase.cloud/wiki/Query

NB: If the data is not displayed correctly, decrease the zoom on your browser.

General queries

• All inscriptions (Q2)

• Concordances

Editions - publications - databases

• all editions (Q39)

• all publications (Q682)

• all databases (Q584)

• all the authors of the editions / publications (Q509)

• Trismegistos ID (P43)

Image

• all images
• images - URL (P11)

• editions containing an image (P12)

• edition containing a copy (P17)

Type of inscription

• all types of inscription
• funerary inscriptions (Q10)

• honorific inscriptions (Q60)

• dedications (Q49) - hymns (Q199) - proskynemata (Q198)

• oracles (Q6)

Geographic provenance

• macro-areas (Q85)

• macro-regions (Q84)

• regions (Q90)

• sub-regions (Q97)

• cities (Q74)

• places (Q365)

Object

• all objects

• stele (Q13)
  • marble (Q104)
  • limestone (Q38)
• block (Q50)

Text - formal typologies

• single inscription (Q639)

• multiple inscription - meter (Q640)

• multiple inscription - meter (1) / prose (1+) (Q642)
  • Greek / Latin

• multiple inscription - meter (1+)/prose (1+) (Q832)

• epigrammata longa (Q644)

Language

• Greek
• Greek / Latin (Q644) / (Q645)

Meter

• all verses (Q100)

hexameter (Q24)

all inscriptions in hexameter

type of inscription

• funerary inscriptions

• honorific inscriptions

• dedications - hymns

• oracles

layout

• A.1

• A.2a

• A.2b

• A.2c.1

• A.2c.2

• A.2c.3

• A.2c.1-3 cae.

• A.3a

• A.3b

elegiac couplet (Q11)

all inscriptions in elegiac couplet

type of inscription

• funerary inscriptions

• honorific inscriptions

• dedications - hymns

• oracles

layout

• A.1

• A.2a

• A.2b

• A.2c.1

• A.2c.2

• A.2c.3

• A.2c.1-3 cae.

• A.3a

• A.3b

iambic trimeter (Q17)

all inscriptions in iambic trimeter

type of inscription

• funerary inscriptions

• honorific inscriptions

• dedications - hymns

• oracles

layout

• A.1

• A.2a

• A.2b

• A.2c.1

• A.2c.2

• A.2c.3

• A.2c.1-3 cae.

• A.3a

• A.3b

catalectic trochaic tetrameter (Q70)

all inscriptions in catalectic trochaic tetrameter

type of inscription

• funerary inscriptions
• honorific inscriptions
• dedications - hymns
• oracles

layout

• A.1
• A.2a
• A.2b
• A.2c.1
• A.2c.2
• A.2c.3
• A.2c.1-3 cae.
• A.3
• A.3a
• A.3b

Layout

all types of layout (Q48)

• A.1 (Q27)

• A.2a (Q32)
  • pentameters in eisthesis (Q828)

• A.2b (Q40)

• A.2c.1 (Q51)

• A.2c.2 (Q52)

• A.2.c.3 (Q53)

• A.2c.1-3 cae. (Q54)

• A.3a (Q55)

• A.3b (Q598)

Clients and recipients

clients

funerary inscriptions

• family members

• city community (Q263)

dedications

• gender (P51)
  • men (Q16)
  • women (Q258)
• society (P50)
  • priest(Q311)/priestess (Q306)
  • soldiers (Q266)

hymns

• gender (P51)
  • men
  • women
• society (P50)
  • priest (Q311)/priestess (Q306)
  • soldiers

proskynemata

• gender (P51)
  • men
  • women
• society (P50)
  • members of the ruling class:
    • praefectus Aegypti (Q619)
  • priest (Q311)/priestess (Q306)
  • soldiers

recipients

funerary inscriptions

gender

• women (Q258)

• men

age

• children - girls (Q260)
• children - boys (Q91)
• young women (Q794)
• adults - women (Q807)

role in society

• slaves (Q262)
• gladiators (Q287)
• doctors (Q677)
• merchants (Q666)
• athletes (Q759)
• musicians (Q770)

Religion

• jewish (Q404)

dedications

• deities (Q310)

hymns

• deities (Q310)

proksynemata

• mythological characters (Q621)

honorific inscriptions

gender

• men
• women

Role in society (P51)

• athletes (Q759)
• musicians (Q770)

Authorship

• anonymous (Q118)

• signed (Q240)
  • author - men
  • author - women

North Africa

editions (P24)

cities (Q47)

• Antinooupolis (Q15)
• Leontopolis (Q274)

places (Q365)

• Colossi of Memnon (Q377)

Cyrenaica

cities

• Cyrene (Q8)
• Ptolemais (Q279)
• Taucheria (Q277)
• Martuba (Q278)

types of inscriptions

• funerary inscriptions (Q10)
  • men (Q16)
  • women (Q258)
  • spouses (Q331)
  • siblings (Q281)
• dedications (Q49) - hymns (Q199)
  • deities (Q130)
• honorific inscriptions (Q60)

objects

• stele (Q13)
• rock-cut tomb
• block
• panel
• capital
• pillar
• column drum
• relief

meter

• hexameter (Q24)
• elegiac couplet (Q11)
• iambic trimeter (Q17)

layout

• A.1
• A.2a
• A.2b (Q40)
• A.2c.1
• A.2c.2
• A.2c.1-3
• A.3a
• A.3b

other

• editions (concordances)

• images

Southeastern Europe

Greece

Attica

• editions

places (Q365)

• Acropolis (Q690)

Western and Central Europe

Italia

Latium

• Rome (Q698)

Campania

• Naples (Q728)

Britannia

• editions

• metrical inscriptions

Links

Useful links inside this Wikibase instance

• MediaWiki:Sidebar
• MediaWiki:Wikibase-SortedProperties (manual list of the properties with customized order)
• Special:ListProperties (automatic list of the properties)
• Special:AllPages (ns 120) (automatic list of the items)
• Special:Statistics (statistics)

Related digital epigraphic corpora and databases

• Searchable Greek Inscriptions (PHI)
• Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (CIL)
• Inscriptiones Graecae (IG)
• Greek Verse Inscriptions of Cyrenaica (GVCyr)
• Greek Verse Inscriptions of Cyrenaica. Second edition (GVCyr2)
• Telamon
• I.Sicily
• I Carmina Epigraphica Graeca di Peter Allan Hansen:un supplemento online (CEGS)
• Epigraphic Database Roma (EDR)
• Hispania Epigraphica
• Epigraphic Database Falsae (EDF)
• Epigraphic Database Heidelberg (EDH)
• Epigraphic Database Bari project (EDB)
• Epigraphische Datenbank zum antiken Kleinasien
• LatinNow
• Roman inscriptions of Britain (RIB)
• Trismegistos
• Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum Online (SEG)
• Last Statues of Antiquity (LSA)
• Attic Inscriptions Online (AIO)
• AXON - Iscrizioni storiche greche
• Claros - Concordance of Greek Inscriptions
• Inscriptiones Christianae Graecae
• Ancient Inscriptions from Israel / Palestine
• PETRAE

Digital projects on metrical inscriptions

• CLEO (Carmina Latina Epigraphica Online)
• MAPPOLA
• CARMEN

Digital epigraphy - tools

• Digital tools for the research and study of ancient writing cultures (ENCODE)
• EpiDoc: Epigraphic Documents in TEI XML
• FAIR Epigraphy Browser
• Inscriptiones Identifier Resolver
• FAIR Epigraphy Bibliographic project
• FAIR Epigraphic Vocabularies
• europeana eagle project - vocaboularies
• LGPN - The Lexicon of Greek Personal Names
• Mnamon. Antiche scritture del Mediterraneo
• Pleiades

Digital epigraphy - projects

• ENCODE
• The FAIR Epigraphy Project
• ITHACA
• Lacunae
• Digital Epigraphy And Archaeology
• Venice Squeeze Project
• europeana - europeana eagle project
• Eagle MediaWiki

Digital epigraphy - community

• epigraphy.info
• The Digital Classicist Wiki

Related Wikibases

• https://hypotheseis.wikibase.cloud/
• https://datalib.wikibase.cloud/

Bibliography

I Epigraphic corpora / editions

• AE = Année Épigraphique.
• BE = Bulletin Épigraphique in Revue des Études Grecques (1938-).
• CIIP = (Various edd.) Corpus Inscriptionum Iudaeae/Palestinae. A Multilingual Corpus of the Inscriptions from Alexander to Muhammad, Berlin 2010-.
• Cougny 1890 = Epigrammatum Anthologia Palatina cum Planudeis et appendice nova epigrammatum veterum ex libris et marmoribus ductorum […], III, instr. E. C., Parisiis 1890.
• Hunter 2022 = Greek Epitaphic Poetry. A Selection, ed. by R. H., Cambridge 2022.
• I.Ancyra = S. Mitchell, D. French, The Greek and Latin Inscriptions of Ankara (Ancyra) I. From Augustus to the End of the Third Century AD, Munich 2012; IΙ. Late Roman, Byzantine and Other Texts, Munich 2019.
• I.Ano Maked. = T.Rizakis, G.Touratsoglou, Ἐπιγραφὲς Ἄνω Μακεδονίας(Ἐλίμεια, Ἐορδαία, Νότια Λυγκηστίς, Ὀρεστίς): Τόμος Α΄. Κατάλογος ἐπιγραφῶν, Athens 1985.
• I.Aquileia = J. Brusin, Inscriptiones Aquileiae, I-III, Udine 1991-1993.
• I.Beroia = L.Gounaropoulou, M.B.Hatzopoulos, Ἐπιγραφὲς Κάτω Μακεδονίας (μεταξὺ τοῦ Βερμίου Ὄρους καὶ τοῦ Ἀξιοῦ Ποταμοῦ). Τεῦχος Αʹ. Ἐπιγραφὲς Βεροίας, Athens 1998.
• I.Cilicie = G. Dagron, D. Feissel, Inscriptions de Cilicie, Paris 1 987.
• I.Colosse Memnon = É. Bernand, Les inscriptions grecques et latines du Colosse de Memnon, Cairo 1960.
• I.Cos Segre = M. Segre, Iscrizioni di Cos, I-II, Rome 1994.
• I.Cret. = M. Guarducci, Inscriptiones Creticae, Rome 1935-1950.
• I.Égypte métriques = É. Bernand, Inscriptions métriques de l’Égypte gréco-romaine, Paris 1969.
• IG = Inscriptiones Graecae, Berlin 1873-.
• IGBulg = Inscriptiones Graecae in Bulgaria repertae, I-V, Sofia 1956-1997.
• IG Cyrenaica Verse = J.M. Reynolds, C. Roueché, Greek Verse Inscriptions of Cyrenaica, Bologna 2017. See Greek Verse Inscriptions of Cyrenaica. Second edition
• IG France = J.-C. Decourt, Inscriptions grecques de la France, Lyon 2004.
• IG Napoli = E. Miranda, Iscrizoni greche d’Italia: Napoli, I-II, Roma,1990, 1995.
• IG Ravenna = A. Bencivenni, Ravenna. Le iscrizioni greche, Milan 2018.
• IGSK = Inschriften griechischer Städte aus Kleinasien, Bonn 1972-.
• IGUR = L. Moretti, Inscriptiones Graecae Urbis Romae, Rome 1968-1990.
• I.Histria = Inscriptiones Daciae et Scythiae Minoris Antiquae, Series Altera. Inscriptiones Scythiae Minoris Graecae et Latinae, I. Inscriptiones Histriae et Viciniae, Bucharest 1983.
• I.Mus.Catania = K. Korhonen, Le iscrizioni del Museo Civico di Catania. Storia delle collezioni, Helsinki/Tammisaari 2004.
• I.North Galatia = S.Mitchell, D.H.French, J.Greenhalgh, The Ankara District: The Inscriptions of North Galatia, RECAM II, Oxford 1982.
• I.Pergamon = M. Fraenkel, Die Inschriften von Pergamon, I-II, Berlin 1890-1895.
• I.Pergamon Asklepieion = C. Habicht, Altertümer von Pergamon. VIII 3. Die Inschriften des Asklepieions, Berlin 1969.
• I.Perinthos = M.H.Sayar, Perinthos-Herakleia (Marmara Ereğlisi) und Umgebung. Geschichte, Testimonien, griechische und lateinische Inschriften, Vienna 1998.
• I.Philae = A. Bernand, Les inscriptions grecques de Philae, II, Paris 1969.
• IG Porto = G. Sacco, Iscrizioni greche d’Italia. Porto, Rome 1984.
• I.Rhénée = M.-T.Dinahet-Couillod, Exploration archéologique de Délos 30. Les monuments funéraires de Rhénée, Paris 1974.
• IRT = M.J. Reynolds, J.B. Ward Perkins, The Inscriptions of Roman Tripolitania, Rome 1952.
• I.Sardis = W.H. Buckler, D.M. Robinson, Sardis, VII. Greek and Latin Inscriptions, Leiden 1932.
• I.Thrake Aeg. = L.D. Loukopoulou et alii, Ἐπιγραφὲς τῆς Θράκης τοῦ Αἰγαίου μεταξὺ τῶν ποταμῶν Νέστου καὶ Ἕβρου (Νομοὶ Ξάνθης, Ροδόπης καὶ Ἕβρου), Athens 2005.
• I.Vallée Enipeus = J.-C. Decourt, Inscriptions de Thessalie. I. Les cités de la valle de l’Enipeus, Paris 1995.
• Kaibel, Epigrammata = G. Kaibel, Epigrammata Graeca ex lapidibus collecta, Berlin 1878.
• IGLS = Inscriptions grecques et latines de la Syrie, I-XXI/5, Beyrouth, Paris, 1929-.
• MAMA = Monumenta Asiae Minoris Antiqua, I-X, London 1928-1993.
• Merisio 2024 = E.N. M., Le iscrizioni metriche greche della Frigia orientale. Ed., trad. e comm., Berlin-Boston 2024.
• Milet VI.1 = P. Herrmann, Inschriften von Milet, Teil 1: B. Nachträge und Übersetzungen zu den Inschriften n. 1-406, Berlin-New York 1997.
• Peek, GVI = W. Peek, Griechische Vers-Inschriften, I, Berlin 1955.
• SEG = Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum, Leiden 1923-.
• Staab 2018 = G. S., Gebrochener Glanz. Klassische Tradition und Alltagswelt im Spiegel neuer und alter Grabepigramme des griechischen Ostens, Berlin-Boston 2018.
• Steinepigramme = R. Merkelbach, J. Stauber, Steinepigramme aus dem griechischen Osten. I. Die Westküste Kleinasiens von Knidos bis Ilion, Stuttgart-Leipzig 1998. II. Die Nordküste Kleinasiens (Marmarameer und Pontos), München-Leipzig 2001. III. Der “Ferne Osten” und das Landesinnere bis zum Tauros, München 2001. IV. Die Südküste Kleinasiens, Syrien und Palaestina, München 2002. V. Register, München-Leipzig 2004.
• TAM = Tituli Asiae Minoris, I; II 1-3; III 1; IV 1; V 1-3, Vienna 1901-1989.

II Collection of studies on epigraphic poetry

• Agosti 2005 = G. A., Miscellanea epigrafica I. Note letterarie a carmi epigrafici tardoantichi, «MEG» V (2005) 1-30.
• Agosti 2007a = G. A., Note a epigrafi tardoantiche (Miscellanea epigrafica II), «ZPE» CLX (2007) 41-49.
• Agosti 2007b = G. A., Cultura greca negli epigrammi epigrafici di età tardoantica, in L. Crisante-F. Ireneo (edd.), Incontri triestini di filologia classica VI (2006-2007), Trieste 2007, 3-18.
• Agosti 2008a = G. A., Gli epigrammi lunghi nella produzione epigrafica tardoantica, in Morelli 2008a [q.v.], II 663-692.
• Agosti 2008c = G. A., Literariness and levels of style in epigraphical poetry of late antiquity, in K. Carvounis-R. Hunter (edd.), Signs of Life? Studies in Later Greek Poetry, «Ramus» XXXVII (2008) 191-213.
• Agosti 2010a = G. A., Eisthesis, divisione dei versi, percezione dei cola negli epigrammi epigrafici in età tardoantica, «S&T» VIII (2010) 67-98.
• Agosti 2010b = G. A., Saxa loquuntur? Epigrammi epigrafici e diffusione della paideia nell’Oriente tardoantico, «ΑntTard» ΧVIII (2010) 163-180.
• Agosti 2011-2012 = G. A., Ancora sullo stile delle iscrizioni metriche tardo antiche, «Incontri di Filologia Classica» XI (2011-2012) 233-252.
• Agosti 2015a = G. A., Per una fenomenologia del rapporto fra epigrafia e letteratura nella tarda antichità, in L. Crisante-T. Mazzoli (a c. di), Il calamo della memoria: riuso di testi e mestiere letterario nella tarda antichità. VI, Trieste 2015, 13-33.
• Agosti 2015b = G. A., La mise en page come elemento significante nell’epigrafia greca tardoantica, in P. Orsini-M. Maniaci (edd.), Scrittura epigrafica e scrittura libraria: fra Oriente e Occidente, Cassino 2015, 45-86.
• Agosti 2020 = G. A., «Layout» e segni di lettura nelle iscrizioni metriche dell’Egitto tardoantico, in Carlig/Lescuyer 2020 [q.v.], 241-255.
• Allen 1888 = F.D. A., On Greek Versification in Inscriptions, «Papers of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens» IV (1888) 35-204.
• Carlig/Lescuyer 2020 = N. C.-L. G., Signes dans les textes. Continuités et ruptures des pratiques scribales en Égypte pharaonique, gréco-romaine et byzantine. Actes du colloque international de Liège (2-4 juin 2016), Liège 2020.
• Christian 2015 = T. C., Gebildete Steine: zur Rezeption literarischer Techniken in den Versinschriften seit dem Hellenismus, Göttingen 2015.
• Cirio 2011 = A.M. C., Gli epigrammi di Giulia Balbilla, (ricordi di una dama di corte) e altri testi al femminile sul Colosso di Memnone, Lecce 2011.
• Fantuzzi/Sens 2006 = M. F.-A. S., The hexameter of inscribed Hellenistic epigram, in M.A. Harder-R.F. Regtuit-G.C. Wakker (edd.), Beyond the Canon, Leuven 2006, 105-122.
• Garulli 2008 = V. G., L’epigramma longum nella tradizione epigrafica sepolcrale greca, in Morelli 2008a [q.v.], II, 623-662.
• Garulli 2012 = V. G., Byblos lainee. Epigrafia, letteratura, epitafio, Bologna 2012.
• Garulli 2014a = V. G., Stones as books: the layout of Hellenistic inscribed poems, in M. Annette Harder-R. Regtuit-Gerry W. Wakker (edd.) Hellenistic Poetry in Context, Leuven-Paris-Walpole 2014, 125-169.
• Garulli 2014b = V. G., Gli epitafi greci per animali. Fra tradizione epigrafica e letteraria, in A. Pistellato (ed.), Memoria poetica e poesia della memoria, Venezia 2014, 27-64.
• Garulli 2014c = V. G., Due studi recenti sui carmi epigrafici greci, «Eikasmos» XXV (2014) 468-481.
• Garulli 2015 = V. G., Conversazioni «in limine mortis»: forme di dialogo esplicite e implicite nelle iscrizioni sepolcrali greche in versi, in C. Pepe-G. Moretti (a c. di), Le parole dopo la morte: forme e funzioni della retorica funeraria nella tradizione greca e romana, Trento 2015, 59-96.
• Garulli 2016 = V. G., Playing with language in everyday poetry: hapax legomena in inscribed funerary epigrams, in E. Sistakou-A. Rengakos (edd.), Dialect, Diction, and Style in Greek Literary and Inscribed Epigram, Berlin-Boston 2016, 323-334.
• Garulli 2019a = V. G., The development of epigram into a literary genre, in Christer Henriksén (ed.), A Companion to Ancient Epigram, Hoboken 2019, 267-286.
• Garulli 2019b = V. G., Lectional signs in Greek verse inscriptions, in A. Petrovic-I. Petrovic-E. Thomas (ed. by), The Materiality of Text: Placement, Perception, and Presence of Inscribed Texts in Classical Antiquity, Leiden-Boston, 2019, 105-144.
• Garulli 2020 = V. G., Signes de lecture dans les inscriptions métriques grecques de l’Égypte gréco-romaine, in Carlig/Lescuyer 2020 [q.v.], 223-240.
• Henriksén 2008 = Ch. H., Dignus maiori quem coleret titulo. Epigrammata longa in the Carmina Latina epigraphica, in Morelli 2008a [q.v.], II, 693-724.
• Morelli 2008a = Epigramma longum. Da Marziale alla tarda antichità. From Martial to Late Antiquity. «Atti del convegno internazionale. Cassino, 29-31 maggio 2006», a c. di A.M. M., I-II, Cassino 2008.
• Morelli 2008b = A.M. M., Epigramma longum: in cerca di una básanos per il genere epigrammatico, in Morelli 2008a [q.v.], I, 17-51.
• Palermo 2020 = G. P., Metri lirici nella poesia greca d’età imperiale: tra riuso e innovazione, Trieste 2020.
• Palumbo Stracca 1987 = B.M. P.S., Differenze dialettali e stilistiche nella storia dell’epigramma greco, in G. Bolognesi-V. Pisani (edd.), Linguistica e filologia. «Atti del VII convegno internazionale dei linguisti. Milano, 12-14 settembre 1984», Brescia 1987, 429-434.
• Robert, Hellenica IV = L. R., Hellenica: Recueil d’épigraphie, de numismatique et d’antiquités grecques, IV, Epigrammes du Bas-Empire, Paris 1948.
• Rosenmeyer 2018 = P.A. R., The Language of Ruins. Greek and Latin Inscriptions on the Memnon Colossus, Oxford 2018.
• Santin 2009 = E. S., Autori di epigrammi sepolcrali greci su pietra. Firme di poeti occasionali e professionisti, Roma 2009.
• Tentori Montalto 2017 = M. T.M., Essere primi per il valore. Gli epigrammi funerari greci su pietra per i caduti in guerra (VII-V sec. a.C.), Pisa-Roma 2017.

Other publications

Talbert 2000 = Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World, ed. by R.J.A. Talbert, Princeton 2000.